Yesterday morning, at work, I had to complete the incredibly menial task of stapling an additional piece of paper to the back of about 500 contracts. Strictly abiding to my own code of workplace ethics, the mind-numbing nature of the task at hand permitted – nay, demanded – the auxiliary use of an iPod. ("Thou shalt not bore one's self to death.")
At first, I was almost excited about the stapling job. At least I had something to do that would eat up about two hours of the workday, would involve zero stress, and would allow me to listen to music and relax. (You can see how interesting work has been lately...) As I sat there, stapling and shuffling and listening to mellow music though, I started to get increasingly, well, sad. I started thinking about how I had to stay at this job another year, how I could be gearing up this second to go to Favorite School next year, but I wasn't. I thought about how I wanted a dog, but I couldn't have one at my apartment. How, when push came to shove, I knew I wouldn't put the energy into moving so we could have one. And I thought about friends - the friends I used to have and the friends I still have that live thousands of miles away. I thought: I am unhappy.
But I had been there before. I had let my thoughts spiral out of control like this before. The whole time I was thinking all of these thoughts, I tried to force myself to use the magic of cognitive psychology – to replace the bad thoughts with the good, to not dwell, to focus on the great things I had in my life and everything I had to be thankful for. This, as usual, didn't work.
So then I started thinking about the magazine article I had read a few months ago about new studies on happiness. It reported that recent findings show that people tend to have a "baseline" level of happiness from which they tend not to diverge for more than a few months at a time throughout their lifetime. In other words, if you are a generally happy person, you will probably always be generally happy. And yes, if you are a sad-sack, chances are that frown probably is stuck on your face.
The most surprising thing I read was about a study that showed that people who were forced to undertake dialysis every day because of kidney problems – something that one would think would have a profoud negative efffect on a person's perceived happines – reported the same level of happiness, on average, as the control sample. A similar study showed that big life events, like a divorce or the purchase of a new home, generally increased or decreased a person's perceived level of happiness significantly for only about three months. After the initial rush of happiness or sadness, people tended to recover to their "baseline" of happiness.
The New Yorker has a good article about all this. They explain it like this:
According to positive psychologists, once we’re out of poverty the most important determinant of happiness is our “set point,” a natural level of happiness that is (and this is one of the movement’s most controversial claims) largely inherited. We adapt to our circumstances; we don’t, or can’t, adapt our genes. The evidence for this set point, and the phrase itself, came from a study of identical twins by the behavioral geneticist David Lykken, which concluded that “trying to be happier is like trying to be taller.” Contrary to everything you might think, “in the long run, it doesn’t much matter what happens to you,” Haidt writes. Consider the opposing examples of winning the lottery or of losing the use of your limbs. According to Haidt, “It’s better to win the lottery than to break your neck, but not by as much as you’d think. . . . Within a year, lottery winners and paraplegics have both (on average) returned most of the way to their baseline levels of happiness.”
So this can all seem a bit depressing. And I guess you could say it boils down to how much you want to torture yourself with the nature/nurture debate. But here is where I get to say that I am proud of myself. I got in this funk, I thought about how the "pursuit of happiness" was all a sham and then, instead of reaching for the M&Ms or a cigarette or whatever, I went outside and took a walk. I got a cup of coffee and I stood in the sun for a few minutes. I drank my coffee and stood there and just let my mind wander. Miraculously, I started to feel a little better. All those positive thoughts that I had been trying to force on the negative ones finally got through. I felt thankful for the opportunities I had been given, for the future ahead of me, for the comfort and support I enjoyed now... And suddenly I felt a little happier. And I did it myself. A weird accomplishment to be proud of, I know, but neverthess it was gratifying.
As for the incredibly disheartening notion that nothing you do will ever make you substantially happier, it appears there is a way out of this mental prison... kind of:
[T]he news that we’re on a hedonic treadmill, so that we end up where we’re always bound to end up, is so contrary to our fundamental appetites for exertion and the next new thing, that nobody can really accept it. So Lykken himself, the fellow who came up with the finding about the set point, went on to write a book about how to become happier... Positive psychology has even devised a formula for how to be happy, where H is your level of happiness, S is your set point, C is the conditions of your life, and V is the voluntary activities you do. Ready for the secret of happiness? Here it is: H=S+C+V In other words, your happiness consists of how happy you naturally are, plus whatever is going on in your life to affect your happiness, plus a bit of voluntary work.
As The New Yorker put it: "Well, duh."
Finally, I will leave you with this closing thought:
...[P]eople [are] most content when they were experiencing what Csikzentmihalyi called “flow”—in Haidt’s definition, “the state of total immersion in a task that is challenging yet closely matched to one’s abilities.” We are at our happiest when we are absorbed in what we are doing... The trouble is that asking yourself about your frame of mind is a sure way to lose your flow. If you want to be happy, don’t ever ask yourself if you are.